Baruch Spinoza
Sephardic Jewish philosopher, pioneer in rationalism, gnosticism and Spinozism enlightenment (Spinosists), author of Ethics, A Political Treatise
Alfred Rosenberg
Nazi Party politician, Baltic military theorist, propagandist, idealogue, political theorist, philosopher of freedom and self-respect, Christian nationalist, author of The Myth of the Twentieth Century (Der Mythus des 20 Jahrhunderts) in 1930
1893-1946 (53)
encyclopedia.ushmm.org
Aristotle
philosopher, founder of the Lyceum school, astronomer, pioneer in metaphysics and geocentrism (assuming the earth is at the center of it all) and also the substance–attribute theory, author of On the Heavens in 350 BCE
384 BC-322 BC
M. Auguste Comte
Philosopher of sciences who said "demography is destiny", pioneer in scientism, positivism and modern sociology, author of A General View of Positivism
1798-1857 (59)
Ayn Rand
libertarian, philosopher, pioneer in objectivism, individualism, self-esteem, happiness (or rational seflishness), money and capitalism, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, author of Atlas Shrugged, The Fountainhead featuring Howard Roark
1905-1982 (77)
britannica.com
Carl A. Raschke
Philosopher
carlraschke.com
Charles Taylor living
Confucius
Ancient philosopher, pioneer of Confucianism or sincerity, poet, politician
551 BC-479 BC
C.S. Peirce
Philosopher, pioneer in pragmatism, scientist, logician, polymath, author of The Fixation of Belief
1839-1914 (75)
iep.utm.edu
Charles Darwin
Naturalist aka Charles Darwin, geologist, biologist, philosopher, pioneer in the scientific theory of evolution, natural selection and eugenics, author of Theory of Evolution, Origin of Species
1809-1882 (73)
britannica.com
René Descartes
Cartesian philosopher, mathematician, scientist, geographer, father of Western philosophy
Edmund Burke
political theorist, philosopher, pioneer in conservatism, statesman for the Whig Party, writer on the French Revolution, author of Reflections on the Revolution in France
1729-1797 (68)
Émile Durkheim
Sociologist, philosopher, social theorist, philosopher on capitalism, Durkheim social theory (Durkheim theory)
Epictetus
Stoic philosopher, born into slavery, author of How to Be Free, Encheiridion (Enchiridion), Discourses, pioneer in stoicism and mental freedom (meditations)
55 AD-135 AD
Epicurus
Epicureans are of the philosophy of Epicurus, living a luxurious lifestyle (a life of luxury) pioneer in Western philosophy or Epicureanism
341 BC-270 BC
iep.utm.edu
Gemisthos Plethon
Byzantine scholar, Renaissance philosopher, pioneer in zoroastrianism, Greek scholarship in Western Europe
1355-1453 (98)
Geoff Nunberg
Linguist, linguistics research professor at UC Berkeley
geoffreynunberg.com
George Berkeley
Bishop of Cloyne, philosopher, pioneer in the theory of immaterialism
1685-1753 (68)
Gilles Deleuze
accelerationist philosopher, pioneer in accelerationism and deterritorialization
Giordano Bruno
Hermeticist, neo-Platonist gnostic philosopher, trials in 1592 and 1600, burned at the stake
1548-1600 (52)
britannica.com
Giorgio Agamben
Biometrics, biosecurity expert, health writer, philosopher
quodlibet.it
Halford Mackinder
Geopolitics philosopher, pioneer of the Heartland theory or Mackinder doctrine, writer, quoted "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland", author of The Georgraphical Pivot of History in 1904
G.W.F. Hegel
Philosopher aka Hagel, GWF Hegel, atheist, nihilist, pioneer in German Prussian idealism and Western philosophy, Hermeticism, revolutionary, inventor of the Hegelian dialect (manufactured crisis), author of Elements of the Philosophy of Right in 1821
1770-1831 (61)
Herbert Spencer
Philosopher, psychologist, anthropologist, biologist, pioneer in social theory (or social Darwinism theory), coined the term "survival of the fittest"
1820-1903 (83)
Thomas Hobbes
Philosopher, author of Leviathan, absolutism (absolute monarchy, absolute power) in political philosophy, pioneer of the Social Contract
Jacques Derrida
Postmodern philosopher, Marxist communist, pioneer of deconstruction theory in semiotic analysis, phenomenology
1930-2004 (74)
Jean Baudrillard
Philosopher, sociologist, pioneer in postmodernism, author of Simulacra and Simulation, culture critic, cultural theorist
J.L. Schellenberg living
Theologian, study of atheism, philosopher, author, professor of Philosophy at Mount Saint Vincent University
1959- (66)
jlschellenberg.com
Johann von Wowern
etymologist, pioneer in etymology (wordsmithing, inventor of words), first to coin the term polymathy for an expert in mathematics & sciences, author of De Polymathia tractatio (1603)
John Locke
political philosopher, anti-absolutist, pioneer of "life, liberty and property", the Social Contract, British Enlightenment, author of First Treatise of Civil Government in 1689
plato.stanford.edu
John Ruskin
Professor of Fine Arts at Oxford University, writer, author of The Stones of Venice in 1851, philosopher, literary critic of Venetian Gothic style, Victorian art critic
1819-1900 (81)
britannica.com
Jürgen Habermas
Philosopher, sociologist, Marxist critical theory, pioneer in pragmatism, author of Theory and Practice, The Dialectics of Secularization with Pope Benedict XVI
plato.stanford.edu
Immanuel Kant
Philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment, epistemology, pioneer in metaphysics, ethics, natural laws
1724-1804 (80)
plato.stanford.edu
Karl Marx
Marxist philosopher, creator of Marxism (and Marxists), pioneer in surplus labor theory, economist, accelerationist, editor of the Rhineland News, political theory of communism (and communists), member of The Communist League, practical atheist, narcissistic vindictive intellectual bully, bourgeoisie middle class, self-loathing, hidradenitis suppurativa skin condition, father of Communism which inspired the Leninists and Trotskyites, author of Das Kapital
1818-1883 (65)
Karl Popper
Philosopher, anthropologist, scientist, pioneer in historicism (philosophy, anthropology, sociology), empirical falsification, falsifiability of pseudoscience in 1935, author of The Open Society and Its Enemies
1902-1994 (92)
plato.stanford.edu
Kenneth G. Mills
philosopher, poet, philanthropist
kgmfoundation.org
Lao Tzu ("Laozi") living
Taoist (Daoist) sage, philosopher known as the father of Chinese Taoism (Daoism), author of Tao Te Ching (Daodejing) or the way of the world with effortlessness or stillness, pioneer in stoicism
571 BC-
plato.stanford.edu
Leo Strauss
political philosopher, father of neoconservatism
1899-1973 (74)
Emmanuel Levinas
Philosopher known for The Other, The Face
1906-1995 (89)
plato.stanford.edu
Marshall McLuhan
professor, intelligence officer, philosopher, pioneer in communications theory, television, TV media theory, cybernetics, coined the phrase "the medium is the message"
1911-1980 (69)
marshallmcluhan.com
Max Weber
Sociologist, historian, philosopher, social theorist, jurist
Michel de Montaigne
Renaissance philosopher
1533-1592 (59)
plato.stanford.edu
Narcissus
Philosopher, pioneer of narcissism behavior or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), experiencing self-grandiosity, the need for attention and constant admiration by others
Friedrich Nietzsche
philosopher aka Friedrich Nietzsche, nihilist, coined the phrase "what doesn't kill me, makes me stronger", pioneer in the New Age movement, mystical modernism and the ideal person (Übermensch of human ideals), essayist, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, political theorist, author of Beyond Good & Evil
1844-1900 (56)
iep.utm.edu
Peter Singer
Professor of Bioethics at Princeton, moral philosopher of applied ethics, famous for the 1972 paper: Famine, Affluence, and Morality
Plato
Philosopher on epistemology, fascism, stoicism and numerical societies, mathematician, humanist scholar, student of Socrates, founder of the Platonic Academy (where Aristotle would be educated), author of The Republic, The Symposium, Theaetetus, Apology and other Platonic dialogues like the Allegory of the Cave (Plato's Cave), The Sophist and Statesman, feminist ally, feminism activist
427 BC-347 BC
Plotinus
Platonic philosopher, gods and beasts, father of Plotinism, pioneer in neoplatonism
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Hermeneutic phenomenologist, phenomenological philosopher
1908-1961 (53)
plato.stanford.edu
Protagoras
Platonic sophist (philosophy teacher), pre-Socratic philosopher, rhetorical theorist
R.J. Rushdoony
Philosopher, pioneer in Evangelical conservatism (the Christian reconstruction), writer, author of Sovereignty, The One and the Many
Robert Owen
Philanthropist, union worker, social reformer known for Owenites, textiles manufacturer, philosopher, pioneer in utopian socialism, father of British socialism, entrepreneur, unions, cooperatives (some might call this communism or communalism), Owenites are followers of Robert Owen
1771-1858 (87)
historic-uk.com
Robert Sapolsky living
Neuroscientist, philosopher who states freewill is nothing but illusion, neuroendocrinology researcher at the National Museums of Kenya, author of Behave
1957- (68)
thesapolsky.com
Roscelin
medieval philosopher aka Rucelinus of the Middle Ages, pioneer in nominalism & verbal expressions, theologian
britannica.com
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Philosopher, author of Second Discourse on Inequality, pioneer of the Social Contract, revolutionary in the French Revolution, Enlightenment throughout Europe, composer, writer, political theorist
1712-1778 (66)
britannica.com
Rudolf Steiner
Philosopher, literary clinic, author of The Philosophy of Freedom, socialist, electromagnetic waves, EMF, architect, clairvoyant esotericist, archapparitionist, pioneer in anthroposophy at Waldorf schools
1861-1925 (64)
waldorfeducation.org
Jean-Paul Sartre
Marxist philosopher, communist, pioneer in Existentialism
1905-1980 (75)
plato.stanford.edu
Arthur Schopenhauer
Buddhism philosopher, pioneer in nihilism, will to life, will to live, acceptance after opposition/ridicule of crazy ideas, author of The World as Will and Representation (1818)
1788-1860 (72)
plato.stanford.edu
Simone de Beauvoir
gender theory, research studies, existentialist philosopher, writer, one of the most famous feminists of the 20th century, pioneer in womens liberation
1908-1986 (78)
Socrates
Hellenistic Stoic philosopher, pioneer of democracy, first major Greek philosopher of Western civilization in the Golden Age and was made to drink hemlock from his political opponents
470 BCE-399 BCE
Søren Kierkegaard
theologian, philosopher aka Johannes de silentio, poet, author of Fear and Trembling (1843)
1813-1855 (42)
Oswald Spengler living
polymath philosopher, historian, nihilist, author of Der Untergang des Abendlandes (The Downfall of the Occident / The Decline of the West)
1880- (145)
britannica.com
Benedict "Baruch" Spinoza
Sephardic Jewish Cartesian philosopher, rationalist freethinker, rationalism, stoicism, pioneer in Pantheism
1632-1677 (45)
iep.utm.edu
Thomas Kuhn
Philosopher, author of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Toland
Rationalist philosopher, freethinker, author of Pantheisticon, historian, pioneer in Pantheism, Republicanism, theologian during the Age of Enlightenment
1670-1722 (52)
Vātsyāyana
Philosopher, pioneer in sexuality and eroticism, author of Kama Sutra
Voltaire
Philosopher of criticism, liberalism, historian, writer, theologian of Chrisianity and the Catholic Church, critical thinking, best of all possible worlds
1694-1778 (84)
plato.stanford.edu
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Prussian philosopher, linguist, creator of the modern university format, educator, diplomat, founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin
1767-1835 (68)
Will MacAskill
Associate Professor of Philosophy at Oxford University, philosopher, pioneer of the Effective Altruism movement, author of Doing Good Better, Moral Uncertainty, What We Owe The Future
williammacaskill.com
Zeno living
Hellenistic Stoic philosopher, known for being a loud mouth and talkative or loquacious after being alone and shipwrecked, founder of the Stoic School of Philosophy in 300 BC at Athens, Greece
334 BC-
Zeno of Elea
Eleaticism metaphysics ontology, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of the Eleatics (5th century BC), pioneer in monism reality of no space time motion and Zeno's paradoxes, student of Parmenides
490 BC-430 BC
Zhuang Zhou ("Zhuangzi")
Classical philosopher of Taosim (Daoism) and the Warring States period of 476-221 BCE
plato.stanford.edu